Dauphin County Slaveholders A - B

1. Enslaved Person's Last Name: Joseph Johns
   Sex: Male
   Age: 112 at death (local lore)
   Notes: Status: Escaped slave, born in Fauquier County, Virginia. Johns escaped with two other men in the 1840's or 1850's. Johns settled in Dauphin County, then moved to Lebanon County. Buried in 1906 in Moonshine Church Cemetery, Route 443, Union Twp., Lebanon Co.
   Source: "Historical Society acquires relic"

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Jack
   Sex: Male
   Age: ?
   Notes: Status: Runaway slave
   Date of Record: 11/11/1815
   Source: The Oracle of Dauphin, and Harrisburgh Advertiser, November 11, 1815

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Lloyd
   Sex: Male
   Age: ?
   Notes: Status: Runaway slave.
   Date of Record: 11/11/1815
   Source: The Oracle of Dauphin, and Harrisburgh Advertiser, November 11, 1815

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Hager
   Sex: Female
   Age: Three years old at time of Registration by Ainsworth.
   Description: "Negro"
   Date of Birth: 01 August 1785
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 18 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah
   Sex: Female
   Age: Six years old at time of Registration by Allen
   Description: "Negro"
   Date of Birth: July 1782
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 30 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah
   Sex: Female
   Age: Two years old at time of Registration by Allen
   Description: "Negro"
   Date of Birth: January 1787
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 30 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: James
   Sex: Male
   Age: 38
   Date of Birth: 1742
   Notes: Status: Slave for life.
   Date of Record: 12 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Moll
   Sex: Female
   Age: 28
   Date of Birth: 1752
   Notes: Status: Slave for life.
   Date of Record: 12 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Peg
   Sex: Female
   Age: 02
   Date of Birth: 1778
   Notes: Status: Slave for life.
   Date of Record: 12 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Solomon
   Sex: Male
   Age: "About 32 years old" at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1742
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered in 1780 at Lancaster as "Negroe Man," about 32 years old, a "slave during life."
   Date of Record: 25 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Pug (also spelled Pugg), or Pris (see notes)
   Sex: Female
   Age: "About 22 years old" at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1752
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered in 1780 at Lancaster as "Negroe Woman," about 22 years old, a "slave during life." In his will, dated February 13, 1783 and proved December 27, 1785, James Andrews leaves his "slave Pugg" to his wife Jean. ("Slaves and Indentured Servants in Dauphin County Wills")
   Cory James Young lists this person as "Prig" in the "A Just and True Return" database. The handwriting in the original registration documents could be deciphered to arrive at that name, as well.
   Date of Record: 25 October 1780 (Registration)
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Pruss
   Sex: Female
   Age: 03
   Date of Birth: 1777
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered in 1780 at Lancaster as "Negroe Girl," 3 years old, a "slave during life." In his will, dated February 13, 1783 and proved December 27, 1785, James Andrews leaves his "slave Pruss" to Mary Strain, his step-daughter. ("Slaves and Indentured Servants in Dauphin County Wills")
   Date of Record: 25 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

4. Enslaved Person's Name: Phoebe
   Sex: Female
   Age: 02.5
   Date of Birth: April 1778
   Notes: Aged 2 1/2 years. Status: Slave for life. In his will, dated February 13, 1783 and proved December 27, 1785, James Andrews leaves his "mulatto girl Phebe" to his daughter Elizabeth. ("Slaves and Indentured Servants in Dauphin County Wills")
   Date of Record: 25 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780

5. Enslaved Person's Name: Samson
   Sex: Male
   Age: "Aged 9 months and 17 days." at time of registration
   Date of Birth: 08 January 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered in 1780 at Lancaster as "Negroe Boy, Aged 9 months and 17 days, a slave for life."
   Date of Record: 25 October 1780
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

6. Enslaved Person's Name: Solomon
   Sex: Male
   Age: not known, described as "child"
   Notes: In his will, dated February 13, 1783 and proved December 27, 1785, James Andrews leaves his "black male child Solomon" to his son John. As Andrews did not register any children named Solomon, could the transcription of the will be in error in transcribing "Solomon" for "Samson," (above) registerd in October 1780?
   Date of Record: December 27, 1785
   Source: "Slaves and Indentured Servants in Dauphin County Wills"

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Peg
   Sex: Female
   Age: Four years old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: October 1784
   Description: Negro
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 18 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Isaac
   Sex: Male
   Age: Ten months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: May 1788
   Description: Negro
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 18 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Phillis
   Sex: Female
   Age: Seven months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: November 1790
   Description: Negro
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 20 May 1791
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Rose
   Sex: Female
   Age: Nearly five years old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: April 1784
   Description: Negro
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 17 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Cesar
   Sex: Male
   Age: Two years old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: December 1786
   Description: Mulatto
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Date of Record: 17 March 1789
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Cuff
   Sex: Male
   Age: Four months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: September 1791
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 28 January 1792
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

4. Enslaved Person's Name: Grace
   Sex: Female
   Age: ?
   Date of Record: 08 January 1800
   Notes: Advertisement for disposal of (deceased) owner's property. Described in the ad as "a Negro Woman." to be sold along with a Negro Man named Peter, aged 22 years. Text of advertisement:

   By virtue of sundry Writs of Fieri Facias and a Writ of Venditioni Exponas, to me directed, will be exposed to Public Sale on Monday the 27th Day of January inst. at 10 o'clock in the Forenoon, at the Dwelling-House of Mrs. Awl in Lower-Paxton. A NEGRO MAN called Peter, about 22 years of age, an excellent Tanner to trade, a Negro Woman called Grace, likewise horses, a Sleigh, Plow, a quantity of Leather, and a number of Household and Kitchen Furniture. Taken in execution as the property of Jacob Awl, and will be sold by Henry Orth, Sheriff, Harrisb. January 2d, 1800.

   Source: The Farmer's Instructor, and Harrisburgh Courant, Wednesday January 8, 1800
5. Enslaved Person's Name: Jo or Joe
   Sex: Male
   Age: 28
   Date of Birth: circa 1752
   Description: "Negro"
   Date of Record: 05 October 1780
   Notes: Registered in Lancaster as a "Negroe Man" with note: "runaway sometime ago." Awl believed that Joe had run off to join Howe's Army, then encamped in Philadelphia. He apparently never recovered him. (Source The Pennsylvania Packet, December 17, 1777) Text of runaway ad:

   December 6, 1777. TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living in Paxton Township, Lancaster County, on the 4th of this inst. a Negro man named JOE, about twenty five years old, a thick well set fellow, speaks the English and German tongues well; had on when he went away, an orange coloured coat, a lead coloured jacket, a coarse shirt, and leather breeches. He took with him a black MARE, big with foal, about six years old, a natural trotter and carries herself well, and has no brand: It is supposed that he intends to go to Howe's army. Whoever takes up said Negro and Mare, shall receive the above Reward, or for any one of them, secured so that the owner gets them again, the one half of the above Reward, and reasonable charges, paid by JACOB AWL

   This is a fascinating advertisement. His owner, Jacob Awl, believes that he has set out for Philadelphia to join the British army who were in winter quarters there. Awl had not recovered Joe by 1780, when he registered him as a slave, but with the note "run away some time ago." It is highly doubtful that Awl ever recovered Joe. Perhaps this slave made it to Howe's Army and fought on the British side in the Revolutionary War as did many escaped slaves.
   Status: Self-emancipated.
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

6. Enslaved Person's Name: Caesar
   Sex: Male
   Age: 24
   Date of Birth: 1756
   Description: "Negro Man"
   Date of Record: 05 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described as "Negro Man" in registration. Registered in Lancaster.
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

7. Enslaved Person's Name: Philis
   Sex: Female
   Age: 25
   Date of Birth: 1755
   Description: "Negro Woman"
   Date of Record: 05 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described as "Negro Woman" in registration. Registered in Lancaster.
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

8. Enslaved Person's Name: Peter or Nathan Bung (also spelled Peet, also known as "Black Peter" or "Black Pete")
   Sex: Male
   Age: 6 years old at time of registration
   Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated)
   Description: "Negro Boy"
   Date of Record: 05 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described as "Negro Boy" in registration. Registered in Lancaster. Later sold as part of the estate of Jacob Awl, along with a female slave named Grace (see the ad, printed with Grace, above), on January 27th, 1800. (source 06)
   
   By 1800, Peter was listed with slaveholder Sarah Awl. (Tax Lists, Inhabitants and Slaves, 1800, 1807) Another source, Egles Notes and Queries (Vol. 37, page 257), lists "Black Peter,...a slave of the Awl family" as the occupant of a small log cabin with a stick chimney, which was formerly used by Francis Kerr as a school house. It was supposedly located three hundred yards southwest of Paxton Church. The source, identified by Egle simply as "H.R." also noted that "Peter lived alone, and so died in his chair. My brother, the doctor, desired to place a memorial stone over him, but could not find his grave." H. R. was probably Hiram Rutherford, a frequent contributor of history articles to Egle's column, and his brother "the doctor" would have been the abolitionist and Underground Railroad supporter, Dr. William W. Rutherford.
   
   Writing later, W. Frank Rutherford identifies his full name as Nathan Bung, and says he "died near Linglestown about forty years ago." This places his death in the late 1840s or early 1850s. Rutherford also notes that he "lies in the graveyard of the Dauphin county almshouse." The 1830 census for Susquehanna Township lists a "Peter Nathan" living alone, age between 36 and 55 years, which is a possible match.
   
   Rutherford describes Nathan (Peter) as "a genius in his way, and a handy man in the neighborhood--being an excellent cook, a neat housekeeper and an expert at pulling and breaking flax. He was never married." Nathan was employed as a sexton at Paxton Church, and one of his duties included digging graves. He lived in the woods near the church (see above) but when the land was cleared he moved near Linglestown. (Egles Notes and Queries, XLVIL, First and Second Series, Volume II, pages 264-265)
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

9. Enslaved Person's Name: Cato
   Sex: Male
   Age: 03
   Date of Birth: 1777
   Description: "Negro Boy"
   Date of Record: 05 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described as "Negro Boy" in registration. Registered in Lancaster.
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

10. Enslaved Person's Name: Dina
    Sex: Female
    Age: Nine months old at registration.
    Date of Birth: January 1780
    Description: "Negro Girl"
    Date of Record: 05 October 1780
    Notes: Aged 9 months. Status: Slave for life. Described as "Negro Girl" in registration. Registered in Lancaster.
    Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Petter (Peter)
   Sex: Male
   Age: 24
   Slave Date of Birth: circa 1776
   Date of Record: July 1800
   Slave Status: Slave for life
   Notes: This is apparently the same enslaved man as listed with Jacob Awl, above, and auctioned as part of an estate sale in January of 1800. There is a slight discrepancy with the age, but that is not uncommon with multiple records on the same slave.
   Source: Tax Lists, Inhabitants and Slaves, 1800, 1807

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Charles
   Sex: Male
   Age: Three months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 26 March 1808
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 22 June 1808
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 29 January 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Not known
   Sex: Male
   Age: adult
   Date of Record: not known. Prior to 1790.
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Executed for murder.
   The following story is from Egle's Notes and Queries: "As the story goes he [Beauchamp] and his wife once made a business visit to Lancaster, leaving the girl and the negro to plant corn on the island. On their return they met the negro on the road. On close questioning he confessed to having murdered the girl and to burying her in the sand. He was hanged in due time. I had this incident from my old friend, G. J. Campbell, of Millersburg, one of its honored octogenarians."
   Source: "Reminiscences of Long Ago. French Jacob," in Egle's Notes and Queries, Fourth Series, Volume I, LXI, page 171.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Not known
   Sex: Male
   Age: "between five and six years of age"
   Date of Birth: circa 1830 to 1831
   Date of Record: 8 September, 1836
   Notes: Status: Slave to the age of 21.
   Text of advertisement: "FOR SALE, A Negro Boy. The subscriber, residing in Middle Paxton, Dauphin County, is desirous of selling the time of a Negro Boy, bound to him until he arrives at the age of 21 years by the Overseers of the Poor. The boy is between five and six years of age and in excellent health. The subscriber having no use for the boy, is anxious to dispose of his time. For terms which will be moderate, application can be made to the editor of this paper, with whom the Indenture is left. ANDREW M. BELL. Dauphin, Sept. 8, 1836."
   Source: Unknown Dauphin County newspaper clipping.
   Notes: Crippling poverty was a fact of life for many in African American communities across Pennsylvania in the decades immediateley following gradual abolition. Those without resources were frequently and involuntarily consigned to the county poor house, as in the case of this un-named small child. He may have been an orphan, but more likely had siblings and at least one parent when taken charge of by the Dauphin County Overseers of the Poor. Those county officials accounted for all funds spent in maintenance of the institution's residents, and more importantly, were charged with recouping those expenses for the county.
   
   One method of recovering expenses was selling residents into indentured servitude, as was done with this child, sold to Andrew M. Bell to serve and work for Bell until he reached the age of 21 years. His family members, if he had any at the poor house, probably had no say in this action, with all responsibility for raising the child transferring to Bell, who paid the county for fifteen or sixteen years of the child's labor. But in this case, within a year or two of buying the child, Bell changed his mind and placed the child up for sale. Tragically, any subsequent buyer would also have the right to re-sell the child if desired, and in this way, the integrity of impoverished Black families were still at the mercy of a system of forced servitude little advanced from enslavement.

   The authority to sell this child into servitude was from an 1806 statute, which allowed the Overseers of the Poor "to bind out as apprentices, so that such apprenticeship may expire, if males, at or before the age of twenty-one years, if females, at or before the age of eighteen years, such poor children as shall come under their notice." The term "apprenticeship" traditionally meant that an artisan or tradesman buying an indenture would teach the child a useful trade or valuable skill, but it was not uncommon for an apprenticeship, particularly when applied to the indentures of young Blacks, to be nothing more than training the child to be a compliant servant. (The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania, Chapter MMDCCXIII, "An Act to Provide for the Erection of a House for the Employment and Support of the Poor, in the County of Dauphin," Section V., p. 279, 1806, Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau (.gov), https://palrb.gov › getfile › act › 2713.pdf)

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah
   Sex: Female
   Age: 10
   Date of Birth: 1770
   Description: "Negroe Wench"
   Date of Record: 31 October 1780
   Notes: Registered at Lancaster as a "Negroe Wench," 10 years old, a "slave during life."
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Sawney
   Sex: Male
   Age: "aged about 23 years"
   Date of Birth: circa 1775
   Description: "Negro Servant Man"
   Date of Record: 16 March 1798
   Status: Bell described Sawney as an indentured servant. His age, however, suggests he was a term slave, bound for either 28 or 31 years.
   Notes: Sawney escaped from Bell in early spring 1798. Bell placed the following ad seeking his recovery:

   Four Dollars Reward.
   RAN away from the subscriber, living in West Hanover township, Dauphin county, an indented Negro Servant Man, aged about 23 years, about 5 feet 6 inches high, named Sawney: took with him a smooth bored gun; his coat is a grey colour of a home made coating, brown overalls, &c.
   He whistles remarkably well, is fond of playing the violin and drinking whiskey. Any person who will apprehend the said Negro, and lodge him in jail, so that his master may get him again, shall receive the above reward and reasonable expences, paid by
   SAMUEL BELL.
   March 16, 1798.

   Source: Oracle of Dauphin and Harrisburgh Advertiser, 21 March 1798.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Samuel Reed
   Sex: Male
   Age: Not stated in record, but described as "boy"
   Date of Birth: Not known
   Description: "Black boy"
   Status: Per the date of the record and the description of "boy," indicating a young person, Samuel is most likely a slave to age 28
   Date of Record: June 9, 1825.
   Notes: Status: Not determined, but probably a slave to the age of 28 years. In his will, dated September 26, 1822 and proved June 9, 1825, Samuel Bell stipulates that his "black boy Samuel Reed" should be sold and the money be given to Bell's son Berryhill Bell.
   Source: "Slaves and Indentured Servants in Dauphin County Wills"

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Lucas, or Luke
   Sex: Male
   Age: Four years old at time of Registration
   Slave Date of Birth: 15 July 1803
   Description: "Negroe"
   Dates of Records: 16 December 1803 (Registration); 1807 (Tax list enumeration)
   Slave Status: Slave to age 28
   Notes: Listed on an 1807 list of slaves in Halifax, with owner Adam Bender. Listing as follows: "Luke a Negroe age 4 years."
   Sources: Children of Previously Registered Slaves | Tax Lists, Inhabitants and Slaves, 1800, 1807; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Not named
   Sex:
   Age:
   Slave Date of Birth:
   Date of Record: 1810
   Slave Status: Unknown
   Notes: The 1810 census of Upper Paxton Township shows two enslaved persons in the household of Adam Bender. One of the slaves is presumed to be the child Lucas, listed above.
   Sources: Third Census of the United States, Upper Paxton Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, 1810.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Tom
   Sex: Male
   Age: Six or seven years old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: reported as 1782 or 1783
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 25 March 1789
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28. The registering slaveholder shown in records as "Robert Boals."
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Joe
   Sex: Male
   Age: Three months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 17 March 1801
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 11 June 1801
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Adam
   Sex: Male
   Age: Infant at time of registration
   Date of Birth: 1804
   Description: Mulatto
   Date of Record: 1804
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

4. Enslaved Person's Name: Cato
   Sex: Male
   Age: Six months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 18 May 1807
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 12 November 1807
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

5. Enslaved Person's Name: Hagar
   Sex: Female
   Age: about 20 years old at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1760
   Description: "Negroe Woman"
   Date of Record: 25 October 1780
   Notes: Registered at Lancaster as a "Negroe Woman," about 20 years old, a "slave during life."
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

6. Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah
   Sex: Female
   Slave Age: 10 months old at Registration.
   Slave Date of Birth: January, 1780 (calculated)
   Date of Record: October 25, 1780
   Description: "Negroe Child"
   Slave Status: Registered at Lancaster as a "Negroe Child," 10 months old, a "slave during life."
   Notes: In an 1800 list of slaves in East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Dinah is listed as "Dianah the property of Robert Boal aged 21 years."
   Sources: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" | Tax Lists, Inhabitants and Slaves, 1800, 1807

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Name not given in ad
   Sex: Male
   Age: Age not reported in ad, but described as a "boy."
   Date of Birth: Not known
   Description: "Black Boy"
   Date of Record: 20 October 1815
   Notes: Status: Slave for a term of years. Sold at public auction in November 1815 to settle Boas' estate:

   To be sold, BY PUBLIC VENDUE, to commence on Monday the 6th day of November next; at the Stores of the late JACOB BOAS, Esq. dec'd, in the borough of Harrisburgh, All the stock of Merchandize of the said deceased, consisting of... [extensive list of merchandise]
   At the same time and place will be disposed of, the unexpired time of service of a BLACK BOY...
   Then vendue will begin at 9 o'clock in the morning of said day, and continue from day to day till all the property is sold. Conditions of sale made known at the time of sale, by Jacob Bucher, Adm'r.
   Harriburgh, 20th Oct. 1815.

   Source: Oracle of Dauphin, 28 October 1815.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Jacob
   Sex: Male
   Age: Sixteen days old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 08 January 1815
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 24 January 1815
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Peter
   Sex: Male
   Age: Two years old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: May 1786
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 21 November 1788
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah
   Sex: Female
   Age: Six months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: May 1788
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 21 November 1788
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Ephraim
   Sex: Male
   Age: About two months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: September 1791
   Description: Mulatto
   Date of Record: 01 December 1791
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 30 January 2025.

4. Enslaved Person's Name: Nance
   Sex: Female
   Age: 38
   Description: "Slave"
   Slave Date of Birth: 1762
   Date of Record: 1800 (tax list); 20 January 1801 (Sheriff Sale notice)
   Slave Status: Slave for life
   Notes: Nance is listed in an 1800 record of slaves in East Hanover Township, Dauphin County as follows: "Nance the property of Daniel Bradley aged 38 years." In January 1801, Bradley's possessions were seized by the county sheriff and auctioned off the following month. The auction included an enslaved woman. Although not named, the woman was probably Nance, enumerated on tax lists with Bradley only a few months prior. Also sold was a man with "eight years to serve." That description does not approximate the time remaining for either Peter or Ephraim, listed above, and may indicate another male term slave who would have been born circa 1781. The full text of the auction notice is below:

   Sheriff's Sale.
   By virtue of a writ of Fieri Facias, to me directed, will be exposed to public sale, on Tuesday the 10th day of February next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, at the dwelling house of Daniel Bradley, Esq. in East Hanover township, the following property, viz,
   The time of an active NEGRO MAN, who has about eight years to serve; a Negro Wench, said to be a slave for life; Horses, Cows, Sheep and Hogs; Waggons, Ploughs, &c. Grain by the bushel and Grain in the ground; Hay by the ton.
   Also a variety of Houshold and Kitchen Furniture. Seized and taken in execution as late the property of the said Daniel Bradley and will be sold by
   HENRY ORTH, late sheriff.
   Harrisburgh, Jan. 20th, 1801.

   In a subsequent Sheriff's advertisement dated 26 February 1801, the date of the sale was changed to "Tuesday, the 17th day of March next," rescheduled possibly due to bad weather on the original date.
   Source: Tax Lists, Inhabitants and Slaves, 1800, 1807; Oracle of Dauphin and Harrisburgh Advertiser, 26 January 1801, 02 March 1801.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Pink
   Sex: Female
   Age: about 30 years old at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1750
   Description: "Negroe Woman"
   Date of Record: 31 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered at Lancaster as a "Negroe Woman," age about 30 years, "a slave."
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Prince
   Sex: Male
   Age: "about 15 years" old at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1765
   Description: "Negroe Boy"
   Date of Record: 31 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered at Lancaster as a "Negroe Boy," age about 15 years, "a slave."
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Pompey
   Sex: Male
   Age: "about 3 years" old at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1777
   Description: "Negroe Boy"
   Date of Record: 31 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered at Lancaster as a "Negroe Boy," age about 3 years, "a slave."
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

4. Enslaved Person's Name: Tom
   Sex: Male
   Age: "about 1 year" old at registration
   Date of Birth: circa 1779
   Description: "Mulattoe Boy"
   Date of Record: 31 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Registered at Lancaster as a "Mulattoe Boy," age about 1 year, "a slave."
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Charles Butler
   Sex: Male
   Age: Two months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 14 December 1805
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 11 February 1806
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28. Registered in Dauphin County.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 03 February 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Nathaniel Butler
   Sex: Male
   Age: ? ("man")
   Date of Record: 06 July 1805
   Notes: Status: Runaway slave. Ran away June 30, 1805 with his wife Hannah. He and Hannah were recovered by Brenizer within a few weeks. (source 29)

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Butler
   Sex: Female
   Age: ? a woman
   Date of Record: 06 July 1805
   Notes: Status: Runaway slave. Ran away on June 30, 1805 with her husband, Nathaniel Butler. She and Nathaniel were recovered by Brenizer within a few weeks. (source 29) If Hannah and Nathaniel were the parents of Charles, born December 14, 1805, Hannah would have been several months pregnant at the time of their escape.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Eve
   Sex: Female
   Age: Five months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 08 May 1805
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 04 October 1805
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 03 February 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Peg
   Sex: Female
   Age: 19
   Date of Birth: circa 1761
   Description: "Negroe Woman"
   Date of Record: 12 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described at registration as a "Negroe Woman." Registered at Lancaster.
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

2. Enslaved Person's Name: Dina
   Sex: Female
   Age: aged 14 months at registration
   Date of Birth: circa August 1779
   Description: "Negroe Girl"
   Date of Record: 12 October 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described at registration as a "Negroe Girl." Registered at Lancaster.
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

1. Enslaved Person's Name: John
   Sex: Male
   Age: Four months old at time of Registration
   Date of Birth: 23 April 1797
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 09 September 1797
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 03 February 2025.

Tinian, located near Highspire, was about one-half mile west of Walnut Hill, the estate of James Crouch. Historian William Henry Egle described a trip from Walnut Hill to Tinian in the last few years of the nineteenth century, remarking "On our way we passed the remains of several log cabins, formerly occupied by Colonel Burd's negro slaves." This offhand observation is valuable proof of the existence of separate living quarters for enslaved people on Burd's estate, an arrangement only found where large numbers of slaves were held. (William Henry Egle, Notes and Queries, First and Second Series, Vol. II, LXIII, p.339-341).
Colonel James Burd lived 1725-1793. He married Sarah Shippen, daughter of Edward Shippen of Philadelphia, in 1748.

In an 1898 biographical sketch about Sarah Shippen Burd, historian Egle gives an insightful description of the roles played by the Burd's enslaved people during the Revolutionary War:

Among the unpublished Shippen correspondence are many entertaining references to social and domestic life at Tinian. For a period of ten years peace reigned on the frontier, and until the struggle for independence began, the mistress of Tinian was occupied solely with the cares of her family, a stone structure giving place to the log building erected twenty years prior. The War of the Revolution brought new responsibilities, while the produce of a large plantation and the great assistance rendered by her negro slaves so well instructed in homespun and other labors, was of the greatest benefit not only to her neighbors whose entire "help" were "off to the war," but to those who were in the military service of their country. Many a neighbor's field was plowed and harvests reaped by the slaves on Colonel Burd's farm. And it continued thus until long after the war was over, for some returned wounded or otherwise disabled, and assistance was really necessary for their support.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Lucy
   Sex: Female
   Age: One year old at Registration
   Date of Birth: 13 August 1787
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 22 November 1788
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 09 February 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: John
   Sex: Male
   Age: One month old at Registration
   Date of Birth: 06 May 1790
   Description: Mulatto
   Date of Record: 24 June 1790
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 09 February 2025.

3. Enslaved Person's Name: Lucey
   Sex: Female
   Age: "about 35 years"
   Date of Birth: circa 1745
   Description: "Negroe Woman"
   Date of Record: September 11, 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described at registration as a "Negroe Woman." Registered in Lancaster.
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

4. Enslaved Person's Name: Cuff
   Sex: Male
   Age: "about 13 years"
   Date of Birth: circa 1767
   Description: "Negroe Boy"
   Date of Record: September 11, 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described at registration as a "Negroe Boy." Registered in Lancaster.
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

5. Enslaved Person's Name: Dina
   Sex: Female
   Age: "about 7 years"
   Date of Birth: circa 1773
   Description: "Negroe Girl"
   Date of Record: September 11, 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described at registration as a "Negroe Girl." Registered in Lancaster.
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

6. Enslaved Person's Name: Venus
   Slave Gender: Female
   Age: about 12 years (Egle lists her age as 2 years at registration); the handwritten transcriptions of the original documents lists her age as 12 years.
   Date of Birth: circa 1768
   Description: "Negroe Girl"
   Date of Record: September 11, 1780
   Notes: Status: Slave for life. Described at registration as a "Negroe Girl." Registered in Lancaster.
   Source: Register of Negro and Mulatto Slaves and Servants, 1780 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah
   Sex: Female
   Age: Six months old at Registration
   Date of Birth: 07 April 1801
   Description: "Negro"
   Date of Record: 06 October 1801
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 09 February 2025.

1. Enslaved Person's Name: Saul
   Sex: Male
   Age: Seven years old at Registration
   Date of Birth: 1782
   Description: Negro
   Date of Record: 18 March 1789
   Notes: Status: Slave to age 28.
   Source: Children of Previously Registered Slaves; Young, Cory James. "A Just and True Return: Pennsylvania’s Surviving County Slave Registries, 1780-1826." Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation 3, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.25971/QS08-YE30. Accessed 09 February 2025.

2. Enslaved Person's Name: William Sisko
   Sex: Male
   Age: 35 (estimate by jailer in 1779); "about 36 years of age" (estimate by Byers in his October 1780 Registration document for Will)
   Date of Birth: circa 1744
   Slave Description: "Mulatto" (Jailer's ad); Described as "Negroe Man" at registration.
   Date of Record: Runaway ad: September 15, 1779; Registration: October 10, 1780
   Slave Status: "Slave during life"
   Notes: James Byers registered "Will" at Lancaster on October 10, 1780, describing him as a "Negroe Man," about 36 years of age. William had run away the previous year and was captured in Easton, Northampton County. Text of Jailer's ad:

   Easton, Northampton County, Sept. 13, 1779.
   COMMITTED to this Gaol, the 8th inst. WILLIAM SISKO, a mulatto, who says he belongs to James Byers, living in Paxton Township, Lancaster County. His Master is therefore desired to come, pay the Charges, and take him away. PETER EHLER, Gaoler.

   Sources: The Pennsylvania Gazette, September 15, 1779 | "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"